Prepare the Manuscript

Before submission, authors should prepare the manuscript according to the journal's Author Guidelines, Manuscript Preparation requirements, and official manuscript template.

Authors should ensure that the manuscript:

• falls within the journal's aims and scope;
• presents original scholarly work;
• is written in clear academic English;
• follows the required manuscript structure and formatting;
• contains complete tables, figures, equations, and references;
• includes the required ethical and disclosure statements; and
• has not been submitted simultaneously to another journal.

Prepare the Submission Files

Authors should prepare all files required for submission before starting the online submission process.

Depending on the article type and journal requirements, the submission may include:

• the main manuscript;
• supplementary materials, where applicable;
• research data or supporting files, where applicable;
• figures or other publication materials, where required; and
• relevant declarations or supporting documents.

Register or Log In

Authors must register an account with the journal's online submission system if they do not already have one.

Authors should use an active email address and provide accurate personal and institutional information. Authors who already have an account should log in using their existing credentials.

Start a New Submission

After logging in, the corresponding author should select the appropriate option to begin a new manuscript submission.

The author will be asked to provide information concerning the manuscript, including:

• article type;
• manuscript title;
• abstract;
• keywords;
• author information;
• affiliations;
• corresponding author details; and
• other information requested by the submission system.

Enter Author Information

The corresponding author is responsible for entering complete and accurate information for all authors.

• The author list and author order entered into the submission system should correspond exactly to the manuscript.
• All authors should have reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.
• All authors should agree to its submission to the journal.
• Any changes to the author list after submission must follow the journal's authorship and editorial procedures.

Upload the Manuscript

The corresponding author should upload the manuscript and any required supplementary files through the online submission system.

Before completing the upload, authors should verify that:

• the correct manuscript version has been uploaded;
• the file can be opened successfully;
• all required sections are included;
• identifying information is presented appropriately for the journal's review process; and
• supplementary files are correctly labeled and associated with the submission.

Complete Submission Metadata

Authors should carefully review all metadata entered into the submission system.

The title, abstract, keywords, author names, affiliations, and other metadata should be accurate because this information may be used for editorial processing, indexing, publication, and online discovery.

Declarations and Agreements

Where applicable, authors must complete the declarations requested during submission, including information concerning:

• originality and exclusive submission;
• authorship;
• conflict of interest;
• funding;
• ethical approval;
• data availability;
• use of generative AI;
• copyright and licensing; and
• other relevant disclosures.

Review and Confirm the Submission

Before finalizing the submission, authors should carefully review all information and files.

The corresponding author should confirm that:

• the manuscript is ready for editorial consideration;
• all authors have approved the submission;
• the manuscript complies with the journal's requirements;
• all required files have been uploaded;
• all declarations have been completed; and
• the manuscript is not under consideration by another journal.

Finalize the Submission

After all required information has been completed, the corresponding author may finalize the submission through the online system.

A submission is considered formally received when the online submission process has been successfully completed and the journal's system provides confirmation of the submission.